Gripe aviar
Gripe aviar. (Volver a Cronología. Personas. Fuentes.)
Identificada en 1878 por E. Perroncito: Highly pathogenic avian influenza (then called ‘fowl plague’) had been recognized as a disease entity since 1878 [32], but was not well known to physicians or biomedical researchers.
32. Perroncito E. Epizoozia tifoide nei gallinacei [Epizootic of typhoid in gallinaceous birds] Ann Accad Agric Torino. 1878;21:87–126.
En 1901 y 1903 investigaciones independientes en Italia y Austria identifican el contagio de gripe aviar a porcina y humana:
Between 1901 and 1903, Italian and Austrian researchers, working independently, identified filterable agents as the cause of avian influenza [33–35].
(Of unexpected importance, one team even noted that epizootics in domestic chickens were associated with epizootics of pneumoenteritis in pigs, transmission of disease to pet birds, and onward from pet birds to humans [35].
It is also interesting to note, in light of contemporary concerns about the spread of H5N1 avian influenza [2] that a 1901 Austrian epizootic in domestic chickens had been linked to importation of pet birds from Italy [33].)
33. Lode A, Gruber F. Bakteriologische Studien über die Aetiologie einer epidemischen Erkrankung der Hühner in Tirol (1901) [Bacteriological studies on the aetiology of epidemic illness of chickens in Tirol (1901)] Centralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde und Infektionskrankheiten 1 Abteilung: medizinische-hygienische Bakteriologie und tierische Parasitenkunde. 1901;30:593–604.
34. Centanni E. Die Vogelpest. Beitrag zu dem durch Kerzen filtrierbaren Virus [Fowl plague. Report on the candle filterable virus] Centralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde und Infektionskrankheiten 1 Abteilung: medizinische-hygienische Bakteriologie und tierische Parasitenkunde. 1902;31:145–152.
35. Maggiora A, Valenti G. Ueber eine Seuche von exsudtivem Typhys bei Hühnern. I. Mittheilung [Regarding an epidemic of exudative typhus in chickens. Part I] Zeitschrift für Hygiene und Infektionskrankheiten; medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Virologie. 1903;42:185–243.
Schäfer identified fowl plague virus as influenza A in 1955 [36]. 36. Schäfer W. Vergleichende sero-immunologische Untersuchungen über die Viren der Influenza und klassichen Geflügelpest [Comparative sero-immunological investigations on the viruses of influenza and classical fowl plague] Zeitschrift für Naturforschung. 1955;10b:81–91.
Additional avian influenza A viruses were identified in the 1960s [37]. 37. Pereira HG, Tumová B, Law VG. Avian influenza A viruses. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 1965;32:855–860. [PMC free article] [PubMed]
Webster and colleagues proposed that pandemic influenza viruses might be related to avian influenza viruses in 1967 [38]. 38. Pereira HG, Tumová B, Webster RG. Antigenic relationship between influenza A viruses of human and avian origins. Nature. 1967;215:982–983. [PubMed]
Slemons isolated influenza A viruses from wild ducks in 1974 [39], 39. Slemons RD, Johnson DC, Osborn JS, Hayes F. Type A influenza viruses isolated from wild free-flying ducks in California. Avian Diseases. 1974;18:119–125. [PubMed]
and it is now generally agreed that wild aquatic birds are the natural reservoir for influenza A viruses (reviewed in [40]). 40. Webster RG, Bean WJ, Gorman OT, Chambers TM, Kawaoka Y. Evolution and ecology of influenza A viruses. Microbiological Reviews. 1992;56:152–179. [PMC free article] [PubMed]
2002 Thomas G. Fanning y otros sugieren que el virus de 1918 no tomó su HA de pájaros, porque difiere más de HA de gripe aviar de 1917 que este de las gripes aviares actuales.
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